Addressed at HL only in both AA and AI, this content introduces probability density functions and uses integration to calculate probabilities, mean, median, mode and variance for continuous distributions. Properties of linear transformations are established, and in AI HL the central limit theorem is introduced — showing that the sample mean approaches normality for sufficiently large n — alongside unbiased estimators for population mean and variance. The connection between this content and the normal distribution and hypothesis testing subtopics is explicit in both courses.
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Video lessons
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